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1出師表全文及翻譯
2《出師表》是三國(guó)時(shí)期蜀漢丞相諸葛亮寫給劉備的一封信，表達(dá)了他辭去丞相職務(wù)的決心和對(duì)劉備的忠誠(chéng)。下面是全文及翻譯：
3一、臣亮言：
4臣亮言：先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠(chéng)危急存亡之秋也。然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報(bào)之于陛下也。誠(chéng)宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。
5Translation: I, your servant Zhuge Liang, speak. Our late emperor started his great work but passed away halfway, leaving the realm divided into three. Yizhou is weak and exhausted, and this is a time of danger and crisis. However, the imperial guards remain loyal to the court, and many righteous men have risked their lives for the country, all in remembrance of the late emperor's kindness and hoping to repay it to Your Majesty. Therefore, I urge Your Majesty to listen to their advice, honor the late emperor's legacy, and inspire the spirit of loyal and talented men. You should not belittle yourself or ignore their advice, for that would be a betrayal of loyalty.
6二、先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)：
7宮中府中，俱為一體，陟罰臧否，不宜異同。若有作奸犯科，及為忠善者，宜付有司論其刑賞，以昭陛下平明之治，不宜偏私，使內(nèi)外異法也。侍中、侍郎郭攸之、費(fèi)祎、董允等，此皆良實(shí)，志慮忠純，是以先帝簡(jiǎn)拔以遺陛下：愚以為宮中之事，事無(wú)大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必得裨補(bǔ)闕漏，有所廣益。
8Translation: The palace and the government are one, and the same standards should be applied to reward and punishment. If there are those who commit crimes or perform good deeds, they should be judged by the courts, in order to demonstrate Your Majesty's fair and just rule. You should not show favoritism and create different laws for the insiders and outsiders. The Palace Attendants and Palace Gentlemen Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, and others are all honest and loyal men, who were chosen by the late emperor to serve Your Majesty. I suggest that all important matters in the palace, no matter how small, should be consulted with them before being carried out. This will help to fill in gaps and improve the results of your decisions.
9三、陛下親征：
10進(jìn)忠退奸，是以成國(guó)，不進(jìn)則退，是以亡身。先帝左右，手足之臣，盡皆死于國(guó)家，不肯辭死，當(dāng)今陛下亦宜遵承先志，致以極死，慎始而敬終，勿失先烈之序也。臣以為營(yíng)中之事，十不可九，而軍中之事，多奇怪、多變幻，不可盡言。然唯陛下于群臣中，令有所決斷，必有所據(jù)。臣愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。
11Translation: Promoting loyalty and punishing treachery is the way to build a strong country. If you do not advance, you will retreat, and if you retreat, you will perish. The late emperor's loyal servants, who were like his hands and feet, all died for the country and refused to give up their lives. Your Majesty should follow their example and be willing to risk your life for the cause, being cautious at the beginning and respectful at the end, so as not to betray the legacy of the late emperor. As for the matters in the camp, they are often unpredictable and changeable, and cannot be fully described. However, Your Majesty must make decisions based on the opinions of your ministers. I am willing to lead the army to defeat the enemy and restore the realm. If I fail, Your Majesty can punish me for my crimes, and I will report to the late emperor's spirit.
12以上就是《出師表》的全文及翻譯，這封信表達(dá)了諸葛亮的忠誠(chéng)和對(duì)國(guó)家的關(guān)心，也是中國(guó)文化中著名的名篇之一。
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